ACTA=Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement，反仿冒贸易协议(反假冒贸易协定)
2010年10月3日，包括欧盟成员国和美国在内的近40个国家代表2日经过谈判，未能就一项旨在保护知识产权的国际协议达成全面一致，但与会者仍就主要原则达成初步协议。这项名为《反假冒贸易协议》的国际协议旨在减少版权和商标盗用行为，以保护知识产权。相关各方当天发表联合声明说：“谈判参与者几乎解决了所有实质性问题”，与会者一致同意，应迅速工作，以“解决少数悬而未决的问题”。日本经济产业省说，这项协议的一项关键条款规定，海关官员在没有接到被侵权方请求或法院命令的情况下，即有权扣留假冒和盗版商品。
根据相关条款，缔约国将加强对假冒和盗版产品出口环节的检查，简化受害企业损失赔偿手续，加强网络交易的管制。各国还有义务为此强化海关检查，切断相关流通渠道。据熟知情况的欧盟官员介绍，各方有望通过弥合分歧，于短期内就这项协议达成全面一致。据经济合作与发展组织估计，全球假冒和盗版商品贸易额已由2000年的约1000亿美元增至2007年的约2500亿美元。据悉，相关谈判从9月23日便已经开始。美国、日本、欧盟27国、韩国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、新加坡、瑞士、摩洛哥和墨西哥的代表参加了谈判。
有争议的协议
发达国家希望针对假冒问题更好地保护自己的产品，但这些手段可能还会造成其他后果，而公众与议会被排除在外。
官员在华盛顿秘密举行会议，会议地点甚至都不公开。
从周一开始在华盛顿，部分国家的政府官员进行了有关《反假冒贸易协议》(Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement)（ACTA）的谈判。部分内容是关于美国乳制品企业今后是否能够将他们的磨碎奶酪继续称为“珀尔梅干酪（Parmesan，用脱脂乳制成的坚硬的意大利干酪，最著名的硬质干酪）”，是否非专利制造商能够继续自由地向发展中国家提供其生产的药品，以及互联网公司是否需要监控其用户的详细行为。其中涉及了此前的次要问题，但也包括知识社会的根本问题。然而，无论是社会公众还是议会，都被排除在了谈判之外。21世纪的世界将是什么样子，至今还是秘密。
ACTA谈判开始于2007年，谈判伙伴包括欧盟、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本、韩国、新西兰、摩洛哥、墨西哥、新加坡和瑞士。按照其名称，是要求各国负起责任更好地贯彻商标法规。“但很久以来它已经不再关注假的Gucci包了”，欧洲议会议员斯卡．凯勒（Ska Keller，绿党）这样对《法兰克福评论报》（Frankfurter Rundschau，FR）表示。相反，继美国和欧盟之外还有日本和墨西哥，各缔约国承诺要保护知识产权。这个概念非常宽泛，结果将会是什么目前尚不清楚。
以下内容来自美国官网 http://www.ustr.gov/acta
ACTA Signing Participants in Tokyo, Japan on October 1, 2011
On October 1, 2011, eight ACTA negotiating partners signed what will become the highest-standard plurilateral agreement ever achieved concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights.
Ambassador
Sapiro Signs the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) in Tokyo,
Japan on October 1, 2011 as Japanese Foreign Minister Koichiro Gemba and
Canadian Trade Minister Ed Fast look on.
The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a groundbreaking initiative by key trading partners to strengthen the international legal framework for effectively combating global proliferation of commercial-scale counterfeiting and piracy. In addition to calling for strong legal frameworks, the agreement also includes innovative provisions to deepen international cooperation and to promote strong intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement practices. Together, these provisions will help to support American jobs in innovative and creative industries against intellectual property theft.
Process
The United States, Australia, Canada, Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Morocco, and Singapore signed the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) at a ceremony on October 1, 2011, in Tokyo, marking an important step forward in the international fight against trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy. Representatives of the remaining ACTA negotiating parties, the European Union, Mexico, and Switzerland, attended the ceremony and confirmed their continuing strong support for and preparations to sign the Agreement as soon as practicable. The next step in bringing the ACTA into force is the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, or approval from each of the signatories. The agreement will enter into force following the deposit of the sixth such instrument.
Participants
Participants in the negotiations included: Australia, Canada, the European Union (EU), represented by the European Commission and the EU Presidency and the EU Member States, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland and the United States of America.
The Government of Japan issued a joint press release in connection with the October 2011 ACTA signing ceremony, which may be found here.
Final Text and Public Comments
The Final Text of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (May 2011) may be found here.
Public comments concerning the final text may be found at www.regulations.gov, docket number USTR-2010-0014.
Public comments received in connection with USTR’s 2008 Federal Register Notice and public meeting may be found at www.regulations.gov, docket number USTR-2008-0030.
USTR responded to an inquiry from Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) requesting information about the ACTA negotiations on March 2, 2010. Read USTR's letter answering Senator Ron Wyden's questions here. Read Senator Wyden's original letter here.
